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The legal definition of rape in Sweden is described in chapter 6 in the Swedish Penal Code.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://lagen.nu/1962:700#K6P1S1 )〕 Historically, rape has been defined as forced sexual intercourse initiated against a woman by one or several men, without her consent. In recent years, several revisions to the definition of rape have been made in Swedish law, to now not only include intercourse, but comparable sexual acts initiated against someone passive—incapable of giving consent—because they are in a vulnerable situation, such as a state of fear or unconsciousness. In 2015 Sweden opened its first emergency center designed specifically to help male victims of rape and molestation. It has been estimated that almost 1 in 4 Swedish men have experienced forms of sexual violence in their lifetimes, including unwanted contact. And 7 percent of men reported that they had been "made to penetrate" another person. That could mean vaginal or anal intercourse or receiving or giving oral sex against their will.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Sweden just opened an emergency centre for male rape victims )〕 In 2014, there were 6,700 rapes reported to the Swedish police—or 69 cases per 100,000 population—according to the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (BRÅ ), which is an 11 percent increase from the previous year. The number of convictions has remained relatively unchanged since 2005, with approximately 190 convictions on average each year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bra.se/download/18.421a6a7d13def01048a80006935/1401262568576/40GLa.xls )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bra.se/download/18.12caa4f91440b31239f2b13/1396247527898/100La-2013.xls )〕 The BRÅ has not released detailed data on rape committed by immigrants since 1996, but according to that report individuals with an immigrant background made up 61% of all rape convictions between 1985 and 1989. There have been several international comparisons made, placing Sweden at the top end of the number of reported rapes. However, police procedures and legal definitions vary widely across countries, which makes it difficult to compare rape statistics.〔 For example, Sweden reformed its sex crime legislation and made the legal definition of rape much wider in 2005,〔〔〔 which largely explains a significant increase in the number of reported rapes in the ten-year period of 2004-2013. The Swedish police also record each instance of sexual violence in every case separately, leading to an inflated number of cases compared to other countries.〔〔 Additionally, the Swedish police have improved the handling of rape cases, in an effort to increase the number of crimes reported.〔〔 Raised awareness and a shifting attitude of sexual crimes in Sweden,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ur.se/Tema/Friad-eller-falld-i-juridikens-gransland/Sexualbrott )〕 which has been ranked as the number one country in gender equality, may also explain the relatively high rates of reported rape.〔〔 ==Legislation== The first statutory law against rape in Sweden dates back to 13th century. It was considered a serious crime, punishable by death until 1779.〔 The current Swedish Penal Code was adopted in 1962 and enacted on 1 January 1965.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.regeringen.se/download/d74ceabc.pdf?major=1&minor=1536&cn=attachmentPublDuplicator_0_attachment )〕 A long-standing tradition of gender equality policy and legislation, as well as an established feminist movement, have led to several legislative changes and amendments, greatly expanding the definition of rape.〔 For example, in 1965 Sweden was one of the first countries in the world to criminalise marital rape.〔 Homosexual acts and gender neutrality was first introduced in 1984, and sex with someone by improperly exploiting them while they are unconscious (e.g. due to intoxication or sleep) was included in the definition of rape in 2005.〔 This excerpt is an unofficial translation, provided by the Ministry of Justice, of the 2014 legal definition of rape: In Sweden, case law also plays an important role in setting precedent on the application of the legislation. For example, a 2008 ruling by the Supreme Court decided that digital penetration of the vagina, on a woman who is intoxicated or sleeping, shall be regarded as an sexual act comparable to sexual intercourse, and is therefore an act of rape. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rape in Sweden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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